½Æ¦X¦r±±Æ[¡]3-1¡^ ³\ªø©° October 20, 2004
§@ªÌ²¤¶¡G²{¥ô¬Fªv¤j¾Ç^¤å¨tÝ¥ô±Ð±Â¡A±Ð±Â·s»D^»y----¾\Ū¡C´¿¥ô¬F¤j¤½¥ø¤¤¤ß»y¨¥²Õ¥D¥ô¡A¬F¤j^¤å¨t¥D¥ô¡B¥~»y¾Ç°|°|ªø¡C ½Æ¦X¦r¬O·s»DÂø»xªººëµØ¡]The beauty¡^¡A¤]¬O¨ä«nªº¯S¼x¤§¤@¡CÂø»x¤¤ªº¨C¶´X¥G³£¦³½Æ¦X¦rªº¥X²{¡AÀW²v¤§Ác«D¨ä¥L¯S¼x¯à¬Û´£¨Ã½×¡C ¥»¤H´¿¦b©å§@¡¨¬ü°ê·s»DÂø»x^¤å¤§¤ÀªR¡¨¤@®Ñ¤¤¡A¹ï½Æ¦X¦r§@¦³¨t²Î¦Ó§¹·Qªº¤ÀªR¡A¦@½s¦¨¤Q¤jÃþ«¬¡Ð´X¥G¥i²[»\¤T¥»µÛ¦WÂø»x¡£®É¥NÂø»x¡]Time¡^¡A·s»D¶g¥Z¡]Newsweek¡^¤Î¬ü°ê·s»D¤Î¥@¬É³ø¾É¡]U.S. News & World Report¡^¡¤¤¤©Ò¥X²{ªº½Æ¦X¦r¡C ½Æ¦X¦r¬O¤@ºØ»y¤åªº¤Æ¾Ç¤ÏÀ³¡]Chemical reaction in
language¡^¡A¤]¬O»y¨¥¤Wªº¸gÀÙ¤âªk¡]linguistic economy device¡^¡C¨äÂà´«¹Lµ{¬O¥ý±N¤l¥y¡]clause¡^Åܬ°¤ù»y¡]Phrase¡^¡A¦A§â¤ù»yÅܬ°¦r¡]Word¡^¡Ð§Y¬O½Æ¦X¦r¡C¨ä¤¤ªºÃö«Y¥N¦Wµü¡]Relative
Pronoun¡^©M¤¶«Yµü¡]preposition¡^¡A¬Ò¥i§R°£¡C¥BÁ|¨Ò»¡©ú¡G ¨Ò¤@¡GThe girl who has big eyes is my
student. Ø
The girl with
big eyes is my student. Ø
The big-eyed
girl is my student. ¡]¤j²´·úªº¤k«Ä¬O§Úªº¾Ç¥Í¡^ ¨Ò¤G¡GThat man who is conscious of image
is here. Ø
That man conscious
of image is here. Ø
That image-conscious
man is here. ¡]¨º¦ì«§Î¶Hªº¤H¦b¦¹¡^ ¥»¤H±N½Æ¦X¦r¤Q¤jÃþ«¬¡A¤À´Á³°Äò§@¤@¸û¦³¨t²Îªº¤¶²Ð¡C¥»´Á¶È¤¶²Ð²Ä¤@¤jÃþ«¬¡C A V-ing as pivot-element type¡G ¡]¥HV-ing¬°ºc¦¨½Æ¦X¦rªº¥Dn¦¨¥÷¡^
A-1 ¡]N-V-ing¡^ The boy who hits the book
is a straight-A student. Ø
The book-hitting
boy is a straight-A student. ¡]³o¦ìK®Ñªº¾Ç¥Í¬OÀuµ¥¥Í¡^ The man who abides by the law is a good
citizen =The law-abiding man is a good citizen. ¡]©^¤½¦uªkªº¤H¬O¦n°ê¥Á¡^ ¨ä¥L¨Ò¤l¡G Peace-loving
people¡]·R¦n©M¥ªº¤H¤h¡^ fact-finding
group¡]µø¹î¹Î¡^ ª`·N¡G1.
¥»Ãþ«¬¤¤ªº°Êµü¤@©w¬O¥D°Ê»yºA¡]active voice¡^ 2. ¤ZºD¥Î»y¤¤¥Ñ°Êµü»P¦Wµü²Õ¦¨ªº¡A¬Ò¥iÅܦ¨§Î®eµü½Æ¦X¦r¡C¦p¡G
pass the buck--buck-passing¡]±À½Ó³d¥ôªº¡^
lose face--face-losing¡]¥áÁyªº¡^
tighten one¡¦s belt--belt-tightening¡]¸`¬Ùªº¡^ twist one¡¦s arm--arm-twisting¡]±j¢ªº¡^ ¦ý¬O¡AºD¥Î»y¤¤ªº¦WµüY¬O½Æ¼Æ¡A¥²¶·§â½Æ¼Æ§ï¬°³æ¼Æ¡C¨Ò¦p¡G
mend one¡¦s fences--fence-mending¡]§ïµ½Ãö«Y¡^
spill the beans--bean-spilling¡]¬ªº|¯µ±K¡^
name names--name-naming¡]«ü¦W±a©m«ü»{¥X¡^
call one names--name-calling¡]¤¤¶Ë¡^ ¡K¡K¡K.take pains¡Xpainstaking(¶O®É¶O¤O)
A-2 ¡]self-V-ing¡^ The clock which winds itself looks
beautiful. Ø
The self-winding
clock looks beautiful ¡]¦Û°Ê¤Wµo±øªºÄÁ¬Ý°_¨Ó«Ü¬üÆ[¡^ The
student who supports himself works at a fast-food restaurant. Ø
The self-supporting
student works at a fast-food restaurant. ¡]¦Û¤O§ó¥Íªº¾Ç¥Í¦b¤@®a³t¹©±¤u§@¡^¡C ¥»Ãþ«¬¤¤ªº¤Ï¨¥N¦Wµü¡]Reflexive
Pronoun¡^¡A¤@«ß§ï¦¨self- A-3 ¡]Adj-V-ing¡^ The pill which
tastes bitter is a panacea. Ø
The bitter-tasting
pill is a panacea. ¡]³oW¨ýªºÃĤY¬O¤@ºØ¸UÆF¤¦¡^ The man who
looks handsome is a movie star. Ø
The handsome-looking
man is a movie star. ¡]³o¦ìªøªº«Ü«Óªº¤H¬O¹q¼v©ú¬P¡^ ¥»Ãþ«¬¤¤ªº°Êµü¡A¶È©ó³sºó°Êµü¡]Linking Verbs¡Gbe, become, growµ¥¡^©M·P©x°Êµü¡]Sense
Verbs¡Glook, sound, taste, smell, feelµ¥¡^ A-4 ¡]Adv-V-ing¡^ ¡]a¡^The adverbs with-ly¡G The bus which moves slowly broke down on the road. Ø
The slowly-moving
bus broke down on the road. ¡]¨«±o«ÜºCªº¤½¨®©ßÁã¦b¸ô¤¤¡^ The company which expands rapidly went
bust/broke/under. Ø
The
rapidly-expanding company went bust/broke/under. ¡]ÂX±i¨³³tªº¤½¥q˳¬¤F¡^ ¡]b¡^The adverbs such as hard, far, well, ill,
fast, etc¡G The man who works hard can go a long way. Ø
The hard-working
man can go a long way. ¡]»{¯u¤u§@ªº¤H¤@©w·|¦¨¥\¡^ The custom which reaches far is a good one. Ø
The far-reaching
custom is a good one. ¡]¼vÅT²`»·ªº²ß«U¬O¦n²ß«U¡^ ¡]c¡^The adverbs of frequency¡Galways, usually often,
sometimes, seldom and never. The population which always increases is amazing. Ø
The
ever-increasing population is amazing. ¡]¤£Â_¼W¥[ªº¤H¤f¬Û·íÅå¤Hªº¡^ The rule which often changes makes people confused. Ø
The oft-changing
rule makes people confused. ¡]±`±`§ïÅܪº³W¯x¥O¤HµLªk¾A±q¡^¡C ¥»Ãþ«¬¤¤¡An¯S§Oª`·N¡Ð´«¦¨½Æ¦X¦r¹Lµ{¤¤¡AÀ³±Nalways§ï¦¨ever¡Ð¡A¥H¤Îoften§ï¬°oft¡Ð¡A¨ä¾l¤£¥²¥æ´«¡C A- 5¡]P-V-ing¡^¡]P«ü¤¶«Yµü¡]preposition¡^¡^ The call which comes in is from John Doe. Ø
The in-coming
call is from John Doe. ¡]¥´¶i¨Óªº¹q¸Ü¬O±i¤T¥´¨Óªº¡^ The call which goes out is from Richard Roe. Ø
The out-going
call is from Richard Roe. ¡]¥´¥X¥hªº¹q¸Ü¬O§õ¥|¥´ªº¡^ ¦ý¡Ain-coming¡Bout-going¨ã¦³¤£¦Pªº·N¸q¡A¦p¡G in-coming
ship¡]¶i´äªº²î¡^ out-going
ship¡]¥X´äªº²î¡^ in-coming
Premier¡]§Y±N¤W¥ôªº¦æ¬F°|ªø¡^ out-going
Premier¡]§Y±N¨ø¥ôªº¦æ¬F°|ªø¡^ («ÝÄò) ¡° ª÷
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