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October 20, 2004

 

§@ªÌ²¤¶¡G²{¥ô¬Fªv¤j¾Ç­^¤å¨t­Ý¥ô±Ð±Â¡A±Ð±Â·s»D­^»y----¾\Ū¡C´¿¥ô¬F¤j¤½¥ø¤¤¤ß»y¨¥²Õ¥D¥ô¡A¬F¤j­^¤å¨t¥D¥ô¡B¥~»y¾Ç°|°|ªø¡C

 

 

½Æ¦X¦r¬O·s»DÂø»xªººëµØ¡]The beauty¡^¡A¤]¬O¨ä­«­nªº¯S¼x¤§¤@¡CÂø»x¤¤ªº¨C­¶´X¥G³£¦³½Æ¦X¦rªº¥X²{¡AÀW²v¤§Ác«D¨ä¥L¯S¼x¯à¬Û´£¨Ã½×¡C

¥»¤H´¿¦b©å§@¡¨¬ü°ê·s»DÂø»x­^¤å¤§¤ÀªR¡¨¤@®Ñ¤¤¡A¹ï½Æ¦X¦r§@¦³¨t²Î¦Ó§¹·Qªº¤ÀªR¡A¦@½s¦¨¤Q¤jÃþ«¬¡Ð´X¥G¥i²[»\¤T¥»µÛ¦WÂø»x¡£®É¥NÂø»x¡]Time¡^¡A·s»D¶g¥Z¡]Newsweek¡^¤Î¬ü°ê·s»D¤Î¥@¬É³ø¾É¡]U.S. News & World Report¡^¡¤¤¤©Ò¥X²{ªº½Æ¦X¦r¡C

½Æ¦X¦r¬O¤@ºØ»y¤åªº¤Æ¾Ç¤ÏÀ³¡]Chemical reaction in language¡^¡A¤]¬O»y¨¥¤Wªº¸gÀÙ¤âªk¡]linguistic economy device¡^¡C¨äÂà´«¹Lµ{¬O¥ý±N¤l¥y¡]clause¡^Åܬ°¤ù»y¡]Phrase¡^¡A¦A§â¤ù»yÅܬ°¦r¡]Word¡^¡Ð§Y¬O½Æ¦X¦r¡C¨ä¤¤ªºÃö«Y¥N¦Wµü¡]Relative Pronoun¡^©M¤¶«Yµü¡]preposition¡^¡A¬Ò¥i§R°£¡C¥BÁ|¨Ò»¡©ú¡G

¨Ò¤@¡GThe girl who has big eyes is my student.

Ø          The girl with big eyes is my student.

Ø          The big-eyed girl is my student.

    ¡]¤j²´·úªº¤k«Ä¬O§Úªº¾Ç¥Í¡^

 

¨Ò¤G¡GThat man who is conscious of image is here.

Ø          That man conscious of image is here.

Ø          That image-conscious man is here.

    ¡]¨º¦ì­«§Î¶Hªº¤H¦b¦¹¡^

 

¥»¤H±N½Æ¦X¦r¤Q¤jÃþ«¬¡A¤À´Á³°Äò§@¤@¸û¦³¨t²Îªº¤¶²Ð¡C¥»´Á¶È¤¶²Ð²Ä¤@¤jÃþ«¬¡C

A V-ing as pivot-element type¡G

   ¡]¥HV-ing¬°ºc¦¨½Æ¦X¦rªº¥D­n¦¨¥÷¡^

     A-1  ¡]N-V-ing¡^

       The boy who hits the book is a straight-A student.

Ø          The book-hitting boy is a straight-A student.

¡]³o¦ìK®Ñªº¾Ç¥Í¬OÀuµ¥¥Í¡^

The man who abides by the law is a good citizen

=The law-abiding man is a good citizen.

¡]©^¤½¦uªkªº¤H¬O¦n°ê¥Á¡^

¨ä¥L¨Ò¤l¡G

    Peace-loving people¡]·R¦n©M¥­ªº¤H¤h¡^

    fact-finding group¡]µø¹î¹Î¡^

    ª`·N¡G1. ¥»Ãþ«¬¤¤ªº°Êµü¤@©w¬O¥D°Ê»yºA¡]active voice¡^

          2. ¤ZºD¥Î»y¤¤¥Ñ°Êµü»P¦Wµü²Õ¦¨ªº¡A¬Ò¥iÅܦ¨§Î®eµü½Æ¦X¦r¡C¦p¡G

             pass the buck--buck-passing¡]±À½Ó³d¥ôªº¡^

             lose face--face-losing¡]¥áÁyªº¡^

             tighten one¡¦s belt--belt-tightening¡]¸`¬Ùªº¡^

             twist one¡¦s arm--arm-twisting¡]±j­¢ªº¡^

    ¦ý¬O¡AºD¥Î»y¤¤ªº¦Wµü­Y¬O½Æ¼Æ¡A¥²¶·§â½Æ¼Æ§ï¬°³æ¼Æ¡C¨Ò¦p¡G

             mend one¡¦s fences--fence-mending¡]§ïµ½Ãö«Y¡^

             spill the beans--bean-spilling¡]¬ªº|¯µ±K¡^

             name names--name-naming¡]«ü¦W±a©m«ü»{¥X¡^

             call one names--name-calling¡]¤¤¶Ë¡^
            ¨Ò¥~¡G

¡K¡K¡K.take pains¡Xpainstaking(¶O®É¶O¤O)

 

     A-2  ¡]self-V-ing¡^

The clock which winds itself looks beautiful.

Ø          The self-winding clock looks beautiful

   ¡]¦Û°Ê¤Wµo±øªºÄÁ¬Ý°_¨Ó«Ü¬üÆ[¡^

    The student who supports himself works at a fast-food restaurant.

Ø          The self-supporting student works at a fast-food restaurant.

   ¡]¦Û¤O§ó¥Íªº¾Ç¥Í¦b¤@®a³t­¹©±¤u§@¡^¡C

    ¥»Ãþ«¬¤¤ªº¤Ï¨­¥N¦Wµü¡]Reflexive Pronoun¡^¡A¤@«ß§ï¦¨self-

 

 A-3  ¡]Adj-V-ing¡^

  The pill which tastes bitter is a panacea.

Ø          The bitter-tasting pill is a panacea.

  ¡]³o­W¨ýªºÃĤY¬O¤@ºØ¸UÆF¤¦¡^

  The man who looks handsome is a movie star.

Ø          The handsome-looking man is a movie star.

  ¡]³o¦ìªøªº«Ü«Óªº¤H¬O¹q¼v©ú¬P¡^

  ¥»Ãþ«¬¤¤ªº°Êµü¡A¶È­­©ó³sºó°Êµü¡]Linking Verbs¡Gbe, become, growµ¥¡^©M·P©x°Êµü¡]Sense Verbs¡Glook, sound, taste, smell, feelµ¥¡^

 

     A-4  ¡]Adv-V-ing¡^

¡]a¡^The adverbs with-ly¡G

The bus which moves slowly broke down on the road.

Ø          The slowly-moving bus broke down on the road.

¡]¨«±o«ÜºCªº¤½¨®©ßÁã¦b¸ô¤¤¡^

The company which expands rapidly went bust/broke/under.

Ø          The rapidly-expanding company went bust/broke/under.

¡]ÂX±i¨³³tªº¤½¥q­Ë³¬¤F¡^

¡]b¡^The adverbs such as hard, far, well, ill, fast, etc¡G

The man who works hard can go a long way.

Ø          The hard-working man can go a long way.

¡]»{¯u¤u§@ªº¤H¤@©w·|¦¨¥\¡^

The custom which reaches far is a good one.

Ø          The far-reaching custom is a good one.

¡]¼vÅT²`»·ªº²ß«U¬O¦n²ß«U¡^

¡]c¡^The adverbs of frequency¡Galways, usually often, sometimes, seldom and never.

The population which always increases is amazing.

Ø          The ever-increasing population is amazing.

¡]¤£Â_¼W¥[ªº¤H¤f¬Û·íÅå¤Hªº¡^

The rule which often changes makes people confused.

Ø          The oft-changing rule makes people confused.

¡]±`±`§ïÅܪº³W¯x¥O¤HµLªk¾A±q¡^¡C

¥»Ãþ«¬¤¤¡A­n¯S§Oª`·N¡Ð´«¦¨½Æ¦X¦r¹Lµ{¤¤¡AÀ³±Nalways§ï¦¨ever¡Ð¡A¥H¤Îoften§ï¬°oft¡Ð¡A¨ä¾l¤£¥²¥æ´«¡C

 

A- 5¡]P-V-ing¡^¡]P«ü¤¶«Yµü¡]preposition¡^¡^

The call which comes in is from John Doe.

Ø          The in-coming call is from John Doe.

¡]¥´¶i¨Óªº¹q¸Ü¬O±i¤T¥´¨Óªº¡^

The call which goes out is from Richard Roe.

Ø          The out-going call is from Richard Roe.

¡]¥´¥X¥hªº¹q¸Ü¬O§õ¥|¥´ªº¡^

¦ý¡Ain-coming¡Bout-going¨ã¦³¤£¦Pªº·N¸q¡A¦p¡G

in-coming ship¡]¶i´äªº²î¡^

out-going ship¡]¥X´äªº²î¡^

in-coming Premier¡]§Y±N¤W¥ôªº¦æ¬F°|ªø¡^

out-going Premier¡]§Y±N¨ø¥ôªº¦æ¬F°|ªø¡^

 

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